Extending the behavior of a class without breaking encapsulation is possible through the use of closures. To safely access internal state, pass a closure that performs the necessary logic and wrap it in an interface to preserve encapsulation and keep dependencies clean and explicit.
Recommended pattern: define an interface with a method that represents the allowed operation on the object. The class exposes a single entry point that accepts the implementation of that interface. This way, the class controls which parts of its state are accessible and continues to maintain internal invariants.
Pseudo-code example interface Access { void execute(InternalObject target); } class MyClass { private int state; public void withAccess(Access acc) { acc.execute(this); } private void internalMethod() { /* maintain invariants */ } }
Advantages of this approach: encapsulation is preserved because the class decides when and how to execute the closure; dependencies are made explicit through the interface, facilitating unit testing; and auxiliary logic can be injected without turning private attributes into public ones.
Practical tips: limit the interface API to strictly what is necessary; document concurrency contracts if the class is used in multithreaded environments; and use clear types and names so closures do not access more than allowed.
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